End Anchored Bolts

The End Anchored bolt model in RS3 works as follows:

• Each end-anchored bolt behaves as a single element. Interaction with the finite element mesh is through the endpoints of the bolt only.

Failure Mechanism

• An End Anchored bolt fails in tension, when the peak capacity is exceeded.
• If the peak capacity has been exceeded, the force in the bolt will be reduced to the residual capacity.

For more information regarding the bolt models and their numerical implementation in RS3, see the Bolt Formulation document in the Theory section.

The following properties define an End Anchored bolt in RS3.

Bolt Diameter

The diameter of the bolt.

Bolt Modulus

The Young’s Modulus of the bolt steel.

Tensile Capacity

The peak tensile capacity of the bolt.

Residual Tensile Capacity

The residual tensile capacity of the bolt (i.e. the tensile capacity of the bolt after the peak tensile capacity has been reached). In most cases for an End Anchored bolt, the Residual Tensile Capacity is zero.

Pre-Tensioning Force

See the Pre-Tensioning topic for information.

Face Plates

The Face Plates option accommodates the effect of face plates used on bolts.

• If the Face Plates checkbox is selected, then the first vertex of each bolt will be "fixed" to the rock mass, allowing the bolt to develop load starting at the face plate.
• If the Face Plates checkbox is NOT selected, then the load at the beginning of the bolt will be zero.

Bolts with face plates are drawn with a small rectangular icon at the beginning of the bolt, to indicate the presence of the face plate.