Analysis Methods - VST

Triggering

A number of methods are available for liquefaction triggering. The most widely used approach consists of comparing the cyclic stresses with cyclic resistance of the soil (comparing CSR and CRR). Liquefaction is expected where induced stresses exceed the soil resistance.

The following methods are available for triggering of liquefaction:

• NCEER (1997)
• Juang et al. (2001) (Probabilistic)

Settlement

Liquefaction settlement calculated in Settle3 is caused by the reconsolidation of the liquefied soil. Reconsolidation strains are calculated, based on the maximum shear strains that developed during the cyclic loading. The following methods are available for determining the volumetric strain.

• Andrus and Stokoe (2004)

Lateral Displacement

The lateral displacement is calculated based on the maximum shear strain. The following formulations are available in Settle3.

• Andrus and Stokoe (2004)